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</font><p align="center" style="text-align: center; mso-outline-level: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><b>International
LOFAR Telescope</b> </font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><b><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Proposal Call to the Worldwide
Community </font></b></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><b>Cycle 13: 1 December 2019 - 31 May
2020</b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p align="center" style="text-align: center;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><b>Submission deadline Wednesday 11 September
2019, 12 UT</b></font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Submission only via the online tool </font><a href="https://lofar.astron.nl/proposal"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">NorthStar</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">. </font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">** <b>Proposers must ensure that their justification files adhere to
the instructions given in Northstar, including restrictions on formats and
proposal length, repeated online <a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/observing-lofar/observing-proposals/justification-file-instructions/instructions-j"><font color="#0000ff">here</font></a>.</b></font></font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">SINGLE-CYCLE ONLY: Proposals are invited for new projects, in any supported general-user
mode. Single-cycle projects should achieve their science goals with an
allocation only in the upcoming semester (1 December 2019 – 31 May 2020). While
they may, of course, stem from results of any previous LOFAR observations, they
should stand on their own, and should not request supplements to Long-Term projects
that are already allocated for Cycles 10-13. Genuine filler and expert
shared-support projects are only considered for long-term projects, and such
proposals thus are <i>not admitted</i> to this proposal round. The next
long-term proposal opportunity will be offered in the Cycle 14 proposal call,
in 2020.</font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">COMMUNITY ACCESS: Time on the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) is
available to scientists from the worldwide community. It is allocated in tandem
between National Consortia and the ILT-PC, and endorsed by the ILT Board.
Scientific excellence and breadth as well as the technical strength of the
proposals are taken along in the evaluations. In view of the novel and evolving
character of the ILT, first-time proposers are strongly urged to get in contact
with Science Operations & Support at ASTRON through the Radio Observatory </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/submit-support-request/jira-ro-helpdesk-ticketing-system"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">helpdesk
system</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> well ahead of the deadline, or to seek suitable collaborators;
novice groups should also consider keeping the scope of initial projects modest
while they become familiar with the complexities of data handling and analysis.
</font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">OBSERVING TIME, PROCESSING, AND DATA RIGHTS: Allocations will consist of
observing time, as described above and detailed </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/astronomers/requesting-observations-and-data/lofar-announcement-opportunities-earl"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.
Restrictions on the available processing resources and on the total data storage
in the archive will also be taken into account. For Cycle 13, there will be 700
observing hours, 1200 processing hours and 1.8 PB of archive storage available.
Of the 700 observing hours available, up to 500 hours could be observed at night.
The availability of observing time as a function of LST after taking into
account the already allocated long-term projects is presented </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/cycles-allocations-and-observing-schedules/time-requests-lst/time-requests-lst"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.
Each proposal must request processing time to match the observing time within
appropriate documented ratios (see documentation </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/observing-capabilities/depth-technical-information/major-observing-modes/major-obs"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">),
or should justify how processing will proceed elsewhere. In relation to this, <i>if
a proposing group needs the data to be archived at a specific LTA site, this
should be explicitly requested and justified in the proposal</i>. The PC will
define restricted data access rights (default period 1 year) based on the
specific science goals and arguments in the proposal. Other groups may be
allocated simultaneous access for different science. </font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">MINIMUM USEFUL ALLOCATIONS: For all proposals, the technical case must argue
both the optimal and the minimal required total amount of time and other
resources (and any requirements on cadence or time span). Appropriate fields in
NorthStar are available to specify this. <i>If the stated minimum requirements
cannot be allocated, the proposal will not be carried out at all</i>. </font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">PRIORITISED OBSERVING LIST: If proposals request multiple observations (e.g.
multiple fields/pointings, or multiple instrumental settings), these will be
taken in all cases to be listed in decreasing order of preference/priority in
the target list. In case only a partial allocation can be made, the ILT-PC may
decide, based on its scientific assessment, to deviate from the proposed
priorities, but these must anyway be clear in advance.</font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">SYSTEM CAPABILITIES: The ILT is a powerful radio telescope for frequencies
below 240 MHz that offers state-of-the-art observing capabilities thanks to its
phased-array technology with digital beam-forming. LOFAR delivers correlated
visibility data for synthesis imaging, plus (in)coherently-added single and
multiple station data (several beam-formed modes) as well as transient buffer
read-out, for example for studies of pulsars, transients, and cosmic rays.
LOFAR capabilities are described in detail </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/astronomers/technical-information/lofar-technical-information"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.
LOFAR is now a responsive system capable of automatically responding to
triggers within 5 minutes, overriding any lower priority observations. PIs
interested in using the latest system enhancements or who are otherwise unsure
of the possibilities for their projects after studying the details given </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/lofar-system-capabilities/responsive-telescope/responsive-telescope"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
should get in contact with Science Operations & Support through the Radio
Observatory </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/submit-support-request/jira-ro-helpdesk-ticketing-system"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">helpdesk
system</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.</font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><span style="color: black;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The ASTRON Radio Observatory is currently implementing
in production </font><a href="https://github.com/lofar-astron/prefactor"><span style="color: black;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Prefactor</font></span></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">, the direction-independent calibration
pipeline, which produces direction-independent calibrated visibilities and
wide-band images of the target field, and diagnostic plots. Details about this
pipeline, including its performance, are given </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/lofar-system-capabilities/major-observing-modes/interferometric-mode/processing--3"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">.
Commissioning of Prefactor in the operational system is in an advanced stage of
completion. While Prefactor cannot yet be widely offered in Cycle 13, the Radio
Observatory will select a sample of appropriate projects that will be offered
the opportunity to obtain data products processed through this pipeline. In
this respect, PIs who are interested in taking advantage of this option for the
reduction of their data in the operational system should clearly indicate that
in their proposals.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">CO-OBSERVING WITH THE SURVEYS KSP PROGRAMME: The ILT encourages co-observing
and co-processing of data for the Surveys KSP team and the PIs of standalone
Cycle proposals requiring targeted imaging. By utilising the multi-beam
capability of LOFAR, some Surveys KSP Tier-1 pointings could be observed
alongside other science targets, maximising the telescope efficiency. As a
benefit of co-observing, the PIs of the standalone projects will receive the
standard results of the data processing performed by the Surveys KSP team (see
details </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/observing-proposals/co-observing-surveys-ksp-team/co-observing-surveys-ksp-team"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">).
There will be no requirement for joint science analysis or publications.</font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">To apply for this option, the observing setup of the standalone project
should be the same as that of Surveys KSP Tier-1 observations (see details </font></i><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/observing-proposals/co-observing-surveys-ksp-team/co-observing-surveys-ksp-team"><i><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></i></a><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">).
Any of the proposers interested in this opportunity should clearly state so in
their proposals. Moreover, they should confirm that their observations could
adopt the Surveys KSP Tier-1 observing and processing setup.</font></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">While planning their projects, proposers are solicited to check the
availability of public LOFAR data for their targets in the </font></i><a href="https://lta.lofar.eu/"><i><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">long-term archive</font></i></a><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">. Additionally, in
case the Survey observing/processing setup could apply to their observations,
they are requested to verify the (current or forthcoming) availability of Survey
Tier 1 data for their targets at </font></i><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/observing-proposals/co-observing-surveys-ksp-team/co-observing-surveys-ksp-team"><i><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">this
page</font></i></a><i><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.</font></i></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3"><i>ADDITIONAL INFORMATION</i> </font></font></font></span></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">The Observatory will explore the possibility for a few users unfamiliar with
the reduction of LOFAR data to come to ASTRON for assistance with this by
Observatory personnel. If this is desired, it must be specified in the
proposal. Limited travel subsidies for eligible users can be supported by
RadioNet. Further details are given </font><a href="https://old.astron.nl/radio-observatory/observing-proposals/radionet-transnational-access-programme/radionet-transnational"><font color="#0000ff" face="Times New Roman" size="3">online</font></a><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">.
</font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="mso-outline-level: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">R.C. Vermeulen </font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">Director, International LOFAR Telescope </font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
</font><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="Calibri" size="3"> </font></p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">
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